Journal: Neural Regeneration Research
Article Title: Mesenchymal stem cell–derived small extracellular vesicles enhance the therapeutic effect of retinal progenitor cells in retinal degenerative disease rats
doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-02108
Figure Lengend Snippet: Microglial suppression of RCS rats mediated by co-transplantation of RPCs with M-sEVs. (A) Representative confocal images of Iba1 staining in the RPCs and RPCs + M-sEVs groups at 2 and 4 weeks post transplantation. Enlarged orthogonal view of M-sEVs at the injected area (right panel) shows co-localization of the M-sEVs with microglia in the subretinal space. (B) Statistical analysis of the number of Iba1-positive cells in each group in A. (C, D) Representative confocal images showing the localization of MSC-sEVs (PKH26 staining) with F-actin-labeled BV2 (C) and HMC3 (D) microglial cells stimulated with LPS. Scale bars: 20 μm (A), 10 μm (A, enlarged orthogonal view), 50 μm (C, D). (E) RT-PCR analysis showing relative mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the mouse (BV2) and human (HMC3) microglial cell lines. Data are expressed as means ± SD ( n ≥ 3 for Iba1 staining; n = 3 for real-time PCR); * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 (B: Welch’s t -test; D: Welch’s one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s T3 multiple-comparison test). DAPI: 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; Iba1: ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1; IL-1β; interleukin 1 beta; IL-6: interleukin 6; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; M-sEVs: mesenchymal stem cell–small extracellular vesicles; RT-PCR: real-time polymerase chain reaction; RPCs: retinal progenitor cells; RCS: Royal College of Surgeons; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; w: weeks.
Article Snippet: Human microglia clone 3 (HMC3) cells were purchased from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China, Cat# CL-0620, RRID: CVCL_II76) and were cultured in alpha minimum essential medium (Cat# SH30265.01, Hyclone) containing 10% FBS.
Techniques: Transplantation Assay, Staining, Injection, Labeling, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Comparison, Binding Assay